Green energy significantly reduces air pollution, compared to fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, and plays a vital role in combating climate change and promoting sustainable economic development. The main forms of green energy include solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower and biomass, and our country has all the resources and conditions for their implementation and use. In particular, solar and wind energy offer a significant potential, since Turkmenistan is one of the countries, richest in sunlight.

In some regions of the country (primarily in the western parts of the Karakum Desert and on the Caspian Sea coast), wind currents are favourable for energy generation. For example, today, between the cities of Balkanabat, Gumdag and Kyzylarvat in the Balkan velayat, winds blow almost daily. This makes it possible to build medium- and high-speed wind farms in these areas and to generate energy with them. 

Methods for producing diesel fuel from wood chips and their widespread use as a household fuel have also been discovered abroad. Germany is considered the country that first invented this method of fuel production. 

In our country, efforts are in full swing to green our cities and villages, creating a green belt and transforming our homeland into a flourishing oasis. The number of coniferous tree seedlings, being planted, increases every year. Therefore, in the future, by implementing these methods, we will be able to use them as fuel. 

The oil and gas industry plays an important and economically beneficial role in industrial production. To further develop the industry, environmentally friendly modern technologies are being introduced, and production facilities are being built and commissioned. It should be noted that in the age of digital technology development, our oil and gas industry is developing “smart” wells and “digital” fields, based on global experience. These terms, widely used recently, refer to the automated control of oil and gas production processes and the automation of production. The main goal is to increase natural gas production and to reduce costs. The use of innovative technologies in the development of “smart” wells and “digital” fields allows assessing their effectiveness, based on analytical information on wells, fields and their environmental impact. Experts estimate that this will reduce field development costs by 20 percent. 

In his speech at the Third UN Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, held in the Avaza national tourism zone on August 5, the President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov proposed discussing the development of a global program for the transition to hydrogen energy for the 2030–2040 period. In particular, considerable attention was paid to the climate challenges of landlocked countries, the preservation of the Caspian Sea, and the saving of the Aral Sea. 

In this regard, Turkmenistan places great emphasis on environmental issues and plans to closely cooperate in this area in accordance with documents adopted within the framework of the United Nations. 

Solar panels are currently widely used in remote villages across our country, including private farms and livestock settlements without access to water, gas, or electricity. These panels are used to operate water pumps, to light homes and to power appliances. However, these panels are currently imported. Most solar panels are manufactured in China, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia and other countries. Our country also has the opportunity to address this issue by using modern technology to improve panel production methods and attracting investors. 

The new academic building of the State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan provides all the necessary conditions for training in scientific fields such as solar and wind energy, bioenergy, innovative energy storage technologies, robotics and artificial intelligence. One of the building’s key features is the collection of rainwater in specially designated ponds and its use for irrigating the adjacent gardens. The building’s roof is equipped with 132 kW solar panels, which convert solar energy into electricity used for lighting the new building. A 30-kW wind turbine has also been installed on the monument along the bypass road; the energy it generates is used for the lighting system located within the monument. The presence of the Renewable Energy Research and Production Center is a vivid indication of the successful implementation of green energy policy in our country.

By order of the President of Turkmenistan, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan, Clausthal University of Technology and Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (Germany), confirming their commitment to developing relations with international energy research institutes in the future.

The implementation of these measures will contribute to the further development and transformation of our country in the future and the preservation of a clean environment, including air quality, beautiful nature and the preservation of oil and gas resources.

Myahri MAMMEDOVA,
the chief specialist of the Türkmengaz State Corporation, head of the primary women’s organization