Hypotheses on the formation of hydrocarbon resources note their organic and inorganic formation. Based on the organic formation of oil and gas, great efforts are made to discover zones with large oil and gas deposits. The study of the genetic nature of oil and the conditions of its formation is scientifically divided into several periods. The 1st is a pre-scientific period (1546 AD). The 2nd one falls on the period of scientific hypotheses, when in 1759, the Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov put forward the ide