As human consciousness develops, desires increase and needs appear in new forms in accordance with the times. The force that moves the world is considered energy. Currently, there are various sources of energy. In this regard, the fuel and energy complex of Turkmenistan is of particular importance.

It is gratifying that Turkmenistan is among the top ten gas-exporting countries in the world and ranks fourth in natural gas resources. Important tasks, arising from ensuring a prosperous and safe future for all peoples living on Earth, are reflected in the scientific and technological reforms carried out in our country. To fulfill these tasks, we cannot neglect the rational use of energy resources. Oil and gas resources under the ground are exhaustible ones. Of course, countries that do not have oil and gas are in a difficult situation. That is why European countries, Canada and others began to worry about fuel issues 25-35 years ago. Thus, innovative methods of producing diesel fuel (solar fuel) from wood chips, of extracting and producing fuel by building and commissioning special plants on the territory of shallow sites with oil-saturated soil that have ceased to be productive and of extracting and processing shale gas and oil formed in more complex formations were developed. 

A method of obtaining electricity using solar energy was invented. This method is also applicable to windmills. The generation of electricity, using these devices, is considered natural, environmentally friendly green energy.

The development of renewable energy sources is aimed at establishing the production of solar, wind, hydro energy, biomass and special plants, grown to obtain natural fuel, and at providing the national economy with energy from environmentally friendly sources. 

These devices, invented by scientists and design engineers, increased the importance of green energy and contributed to the development of energy economy in protecting the environment. This contributed to the improvement of people’s living conditions. Green energy paved the way to a brighter future. 

In the Karakum Desert, windmills are used in small quantities to improve the living conditions of livestock breeders (shepherds). It is possible to provide electricity to an entire region or city. Our country ranks second in the Central Asian region in terms of solar and wind energy potential. We have more than 300 sunny days a year, and the average duration of sunshine is 2,700-3,150 hours. Approximately more than 40 percent of Turkmenistan’s territory is considered suitable for using wind energy. Methods and technologies have been found that allow using and storing solar energy for several days. In Western Turkmenistan, there is almost no time when the wind does not blow between Balyshem, Balkanabat and Kyzylarvat. In strong winds, windmills can fail, for which it is necessary to study the area, to look for and find suitable areas where the wind blows normally and to measure the flow and direction of the wind. 

Scientific discoveries and inventions, first of all, have a positive impact on strengthening the power of our state. As our Arkadagly Serdar emphasizes, “Just as the Sun is valuable for daylight, the Moon is valuable for the beauty of the night, and water is valuable for the fertility of the soil; the value of science for the fate of humanity and the country is limitless. Science and scientific innovations are the driving force of all our progress and the basis of our happy life. Our main principle is to make important decisions for the benefit of the country, to solve important problems only in a scientific way and to develop long-term plans from the point of view of science.” 

Saparmurat ARTYKOV,
senior research worker at the Nebitgazylmytaslama Institute, Türkmennebit State Corporation